in

squamous cell carcinoma pathology outlines

Basaloid Squamous Cell Carcinoma of Cervix is a rare subtype that usually occurs in women between the ages of 45 and 55 years (average age 51 years). Squamous-cell carcinoma of the rectum: a rare but curable tumor. Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology , 120 (3), e169-e173. Specialty . Squamous cell carcinoma Mixed carcinoma Undifferentiated carcinoma. Marked acute and chronic inflammation is present in association with the tumor. Basosquamous carcinoma: While this tumour may also be considered in the differential diagnosis as within the umbrella of squamous cell carcinoma, the clinical and histological features more closely resemble basal cell carcinoma. Roohipour R, Patil S, Goodman KA, Minsky BD, Wong WD, Guillem JG, Paty PB, Weiser MR, Neuman HB, Shia J, Schrag D, Temple LK. Bibliography. 7 Figure 7 illustrates a more advanced form of verrucous carcinoma. Oral verrucous carcinoma is a form of squamous cell carcinoma with a variable appearance and unknown etiology. Although most cSCC is cured with office-based therapy, advanced cSCC . Tumors in patients under 40 years old are associated with HPV 16 DNA by PCR, with higher Ki67 and . Histopathology papilloma squamous Squamous cell carcinoma survivor's thoughts on the HPV vaccine cancerul de col uterin se ia Squamous papilloma of skin pathology outlines Papilloma skin pathology outline Squamous Papilloma - Squamous papilloma of skin pathology outlines - Histopathology hpv virus eliminate from body Limbrici copii hpv male . Clinical findings, history and imaging are most valuable. 2008 Sep;15(5):263-78. Only rarely identified in practice, since these tumors grow rapidly. Squamous cell carcinoma is a malignant epithelial tumor which originates in epidermis, squamous mucosa or areas of squamous metaplasia. This is the microscopic appearance of squamous cell carcinoma with nests of polygonal cells with pink cytoplasm and distinct cell borders. This is attributed to the change in the pattern of cigarette smoking, but there is no definitive evidence. Squamous cell carcinoma variants pathology. Jun 4, 2009. Management of SIL Thomas C. Wright, Jr. Refined categories and sections of the Head & Neck area focus. • The overall 5-year survival rate for oral cancer has increased from 45-53% from 1960 s. • Factors which influence are stage at diagnosis, access to treatment, and the success of treatment. The tumor cells are pleomorphic and bizarre and frequently form giant cells. • Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common, representing 90- 95% of all oral malignancies. Often White skin individuals where the etiology is almost always UVR induced. Negative in poorly differentiated carcinoma of the lung and squamous carcinoma of the lung. 8. See also The male to female ratio is 2:1. Squamous cell carcinoma of the skin is a common malignant neoplasm of the skin. pT3: Tumor with diameter ≥ 4 cm or with one of the high risk features b. pT4a: Tumor with gross . pT3: Tumor with diameter ≥ 4 cm or with one of the high risk features b. pT4a: Tumor with gross cortical bone / marrow invasion of maxilla, mandibular . Study design: A descriptive study. The ever-expanding number of actionable druggable targets has fuelled a plethora of clinical trials assessing various pharmacotherapeutics in the . Download as PDF. 2. Sinonasal Carcinoma . To study their clinical behavior and histologic features, 30 squamoid eccr … Hamilton SR, Aaltonen LA eds. 1 Traditionally it has been said that adenosquamous and squamous cell carcinomas have very poor prognosis. The pink cytoplasm with distinct cell borders and keratin pearls characteristic for a squamous cell carcinoma are seen here at high magnification. Histology of squamous cell carcinoma in situ. Squamous Cell Carcinoma-in-situ in Nasal Papilloma. Visual survey of surgical pathology with 11,380 high-quality images of benign and malignant neoplasms & related entities. Tumors may also contain keratin pearls, and larger tumors may have extensive necrosis. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Nasal Cavity . Usu. Among NSCLC, adenocarcinoma is the most common, followed by squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, especially in women. Although areas of squamous differentiation are seen in some reported cases, pure squamous cell carcinoma of the gallbladder is very rare. Diagnostic problems in anus pathology. SCC is usually not difficult to recognize pathologically. Squamous Cell Carcinoma - Nasal Cavity. This is an observational retrospective cohort study. Nodal metastases may be cystic and have bland histology. It may be difficult to eat, swallow food, or even to speak. Follow us: 11,380 Images : Last Website Update : Nov 11, 2021. Small Cell Carcinoma Lung Pathology Outlines : Pathology Outlines - Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma / The three types are known as adenocarcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas, and large cell carcinomas.. Small cell lung cancer is a disease in which malignant (cancer) cells form in the tissues of the lung. It is also known as squamous carcinoma of the lung and lung squamous carcinoma.. Squamous cell carcinoma can be abbreviated SCC; however, this can be confusing as small cell carcinoma is sometimes abbreviated as such. Squamous Cell Carcinoma. 0 slides Adenocarcinoma. Verrucous Carcinoma. Basal cell carcinoma is the most common with 90% of all malignant eyelid tumors, sebaceous 5% of eyelid tumors, squamous cell 4% of eyelid tumors and melanoma and others for 1% in the United States. pT2: Tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm and < 4 cm. [citation needed] HPV-related squamous cell . Verrucous carcinoma (VC) is defined as a warty variant of SCC characterized by a predominantly exophytic overgrowth of well-differentiated keratinizing epithelium with locally aggressive pushing margins. In skin, tumor cells destroy the basement membrane and form sheets or compact masses which invade the subjacent connective tissue (dermis). Pulmonary Pathology. Basal cell carcinoma may contain some sebocytes but will exhibit at least some areas with classic BCC morphology. AJCC, eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, also lung squamous cell carcinoma, is a common malignant lung tumour that is associated with smoking.. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), an uncommon tumor with a predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, is considered a distinct variant of squamous carcinoma due to its unique histological features and aggressive clinical behavior [1,2].To the best of our knowledge, BSCC with a primary origin in the skin is extremely rare, although metastatic deposits of this type of cancer have . Radical nephrectomy is the mainstay of the treatment. If you do combine them as the American Cancer Society does, this is the 2014 data. World Health Organization classification of tumours, Vol. pT1: Tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm. The general topic of squamous cell carcinoma, also squamous carcinoma, is dealt with in the squamous cell carcinoma article. . Prognosis. Check out the most common problems in pathology; ; HPV-associated SCC is dealt with in HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Balachandra B, Marcus V, Jass JR. It is also known as squamous carcinoma of the lung and lung squamous carcinoma.. Squamous cell carcinoma can be abbreviated SCC; however, this can be confusing as small cell carcinoma is sometimes abbreviated as such. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is the predominant type of tumor and shares many features with cervical cancer. Head and neck, endocrine, and cytopathology. [1,2] Like SCC, BSC is more locally invasive, aggressive, and more likely to metastasize than forms of BCC. The cellular morphology shows areas of large, pale squamoid cells, but lack keratinisation.This therefore shows close resemblance to the metatypical type. n KA and SCC differential diagnosis and to gain insight into the pathogenesis of KA-like neoplasms, we compared the density of CD105- and CD34-stained vessels in KAs and SCCs and their relation to the expression of the p53 oncoprotein and proliferation marker Ki67. Your email address will not be published. MBBS (Medicine and Surgery), College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2009 MS (Science & Biotechnology), Albany College of Pharmacy , 2012. A diagnosis of non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, NOS is coded . Squamous cell carcinoma can exhibit clear cell differentiation which mimics sebocytic differentiation in which case immunohistochemical studies can be helpful. Cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) is the second most common form of human cancer and has an increasing annual incidence. Distinct from esophageal adenocarcinoma in terms of cell origin, epidemiology, etiology, pathogenesis and location in the esophagus. Department of Pathology Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford CA 94305-5342 . CK7 -ve/+ve. Anatomic Pathology. Place and duration of study: Combined Military Hospital, Rawalpindi, from January 1997 to January 2017. Early diagnosis is critical to improve survival and endoscopic . ; Tumour extent. The molecular data for squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder have emerged mostly from the analysis of schistosomal-associated cases. . Adenocarcinoma. Forty lesions with clinical appearance of KAs (29 KAs and 11 SCCs) entered . Basosquamous carcinoma: While this tumour may also be considered in the differential diagnosis as within the umbrella of squamous cell carcinoma, the clinical and histological features more closely resemble basal cell carcinoma. Submit a Comment Cancel reply. Notes: Lymphovascular invasion - prognostically important, and changes the T-stage for pT1a tumours to pT1b. Refer to Figure 15- 44 in your textbook. Urothelial neoplasms with squamous morphology raise the differential diagnosis between pure primary squamous cell carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma with squamous differentiation and secondary involvement by squamous cell carcinoma, for example, from uterine cervix. Rich lymphovascular network facilitates early tumor spread. Spindle cell carcinoma; Squamous cell carcinoma ; Diagnostic Criteria. Verrucous carcinoma of larynx. Pathology and genetics of tumours of the digestive system. It has well-differentiated, less-differentiated, and infiltrative forms. It is abbreviated skin SCC, SCC of the skin, and SCC of skin . The treatment of choice is a surgical excision (glossectomy) with clear margins followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy, as decided by the healthcare . Clinical Expertise. BCCs are generally negative with EMA. Generally, no specific preference for any race or ethnic group is noted. Follow us: 11,360 Images : Last Website Update : Nov 11, 2021. From: Diagnostic Surgical Pathology of the Head and Neck (Second Edition), 2009. Brown- or black-skinned persons can develop SCC from numerous etiologic agents other than UVR. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological subtype of gallbladder cancer constituting about 90-95% of the cases. Squamous cell carcinomas of the eyelid, vulva, and penis are not included. Outlines are complex Atypical Hyperplasia Th i b thThere is both cytological and architectural atypia . Patients With Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Skin Protocol applies to invasive squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Positive in lung adenocarcinoma and small carcinoma of the lung. It is regarded to be of low-grade malignant potential, but limited follow-up information is available. Squamous cell carcinomas constitute at least 90% of all cancers worldwide.1 Adenocarcinoma is the second most common type of cancer. Scc kidney pathology outlines. Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck; HPV-associated head and neck squamous cell carcinoma; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma; Squamous dysplasia of the head and neck; Squamous papilloma; Salivary mucocele; Pleomorphic adenoma; Warthin tumour; Mucoepidermoid carcinoma; Adenoid cystic carcinoma Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the renal parenchyma is an extremely rare entity. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) can occur in both nonbilharzial and bilharzial bladders; the two subtypes differ in epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinicopathological features. Other types, such as small cell carcinoma and malignant melanoma are rare. Next-generation sequencing of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma has revealed multiple new gene mutations, while simultaneously confirming the role of others in head and neck cancer tumorigenesis. This is an overview article that deals only with the usual squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, or squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck not otherwise specified (abbreviated SCC of the H&N NOS). Discussion. 7. Pathology of the EndometriumPathology of the Endometrium Thomas C. Wright Columbia University, New York, NY . AJCC, eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Name * Email * Website. Carcinoma ex-pleomorphic adenoma of the parotid gland consisting of high-grade salivary duct carcinoma and keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma. WHO Classifiication of Tumors of the Digestive System, IARC, Lyon 2010; Longacre TA, Kong CS, Welton ML. Non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC) comprise 75% of all lung cancers and consist of three major histologic types: squamous cell carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, and large cell carcinoma. The nonbilharzial type occurs in Western countries and represents < 5% of all vesical tumours; it occurs most often in the … Squamous cell carcinoma of the lungs, also called epidermoid carcinoma, is a type of non-small cell lung cancer that typically develops in one of the air passages, or bronchi, of the lungs. 7 It may present as a white, plaque-like lesion or a mixed white-red lesion with a pebbly, wart-like surface. 3. Dis Colon Rectum. 2. Such features are seen in well-differentiated tumors (those that more closely mimic the cell of origin). Histologic hallmarks of squamous cell carcinoma are polygonal cells with intercellular bridges, crisp eosinophilic cytoplasm. Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) is the most common esophageal cancer worldwide. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the lung, also known as squamous cell lung cancer, is a type of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Squamous carcinoma; Verrucous carcinoma; Extension from rectal lesions must be ruled out. Like small cell carcinoma, it is strongly linked to smoking. Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma : Very aggressive subtype. pT1: Tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm. Learning objectives. The histopathology of lung cancer appears to be changing: The incidence of squamous cell carcinoma in the United States … Overall 5-year survival is not great at 62%, It's the eighth most common cancer in men. The nuclei are hyperchromatic and angular. Pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia. [] Notify me of new posts by email. Strands and nests of the tumor cells are seen in the cervical stroma. Even though a wide age range is observed, SCC of Cervix is uncommon below age 30 years. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma pathology outlines. Squamous cell carcinoma is given a metastatic stage of 0 or 1 based on the presence of cancer cells at a distant site in the body (for example the lungs). The diagnosis of squamous cell carcinoma of the renal pelvis is usually unsuspected due to the rarity and inconclusive clinical and radiological features. Verrucous carcinoma is a well-differentiated variant of squamous cell carcinoma that lacks metastatic property. Describe the clinical features and management of actinic keratoses, in situ and invasive squamous cell carcinoma; Introduction. Infundibulocystic squamous cell carcinoma was first reported in 2008 as a subset of squamous cell carcinoma arising from the infundibulum of the hair follicle and exhibiting infundibular differentiation. EMA, MNF116, cytokeratin5/6 and p63 are expressed in SCC. A well differentiated squamous cell carcinoma may form keratin and intercellular bridges. pT2: Tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm and < 4 cm. Non-HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma. Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Situ (SCCS)/Bowen's Disease. Most common tumour of the head & neck.. Tongue squamous cell carcinoma is dealt with separately. Most of the patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage and are with poor outcome. DDx. Adenocarcinoma. Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare epithelial neoplasm with features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is linked by a transition area. Negative in lung primaries. DDx: Penile intraepithelial neoplasia (squamous dysplasia). This section discusses squamous cell carcinoma and its common precursor lesions, actinic keratoses.. About 50,000 new cases of non-melanoma skin cancer are estimated to occur in New Zealand each year - by far the most common of all cancers. AJCC, eighth edition of the American Joint Committee on Cancer for cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma caused by high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV) is now a well-recognized tumor entity whose incidence is on the rise. pT2: Tumor diameter ≥ 2 cm and < 4 cm. Special stains in SCC. A portion of the cervical mucosa is infiltrated with squamous cell carcinoma. Study design: Retrospective. Squamous cell carcinoma is often a centrally located tumor close to the hilum. malignancies. Positive in a number of other tumours - breast, upper GI tract, thyroid, mesothelioma, salivary gland. Immunoperoxidase staining may be helpful in poorly differentiated and spindle cell-type SCC. Common site of intraoral squamous cell carcinoma in U.S. High rate of nodal metastases, usually to ipsilateral digastric, middle and lower jugular, posterior cervical triangle lymph nodes. Oncogenic human papilloma virus (HPV) infection plays a major role in both tumors.3 HIV infection is associated with a higher frequency of HPV-associated premalignant lesions and invasive tumors.4 Normal Anatomy of the Anus Squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, abbreviated head and neck SCC, is a common malignant epithelium neoplasm of the head and neck.. Required fields are marked * Comment. Education. Focused Sinonasal Carcinoma with stained slides of pathology. Accurate identification between thes … Early squamous cell carcinoma of peripheral type : Defined as tumor 2 cm or less in peripheral lung with no lymph node or distal metastases. Must have a neoplastic component that is either squamous or non-epithelial; . The squamous cell carcinoma may appear as slow-growing skin lesions. Objective: To analyse the epidemiological characteristics, clinical presentations, and histopathological as well as immunological characteristics of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of breast. There is no agreed upon measure of tumour extent (tumour thickness/depth of invasion) - proposed measures: Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) accounts for about 20% of all lung cancers. Bibliography. CD5 and/or CD117 positivity are suggestive of thymic primary but not specific. Pure SCC and those arising from endometriosis are included in surface epithelial tumor by WHO Classification. The lesions may ulcerate and cause scarring of the tongue. . p16 -ve, p53 +ve. Adv Anat Pathol. Introduction Print Section Listen Esophageal cancer is a gastrointestinal malignancy that encompasses a range of pathologic entities. Oral cavity and Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (OPSCC) affects about 41,000 people in the US with about 8,000 deaths. SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA (SCC) Second most common tumor arising on the sun exposed sites. By definition, SCC shows keratinization and/or intercellular bridges. Squamous Cell Carcinoma . [1,2] Like SCC, BSC is more locally invasive, aggressive, and more likely to metastasize than forms of BCC. Mucinous Tubular and Spindle Cell Carcinoma Multilocular Cystic Renal Cell Neoplasm of Low Malignant Potential Neuroblastoma Associated Renal Cell Carcinoma Oncocytic Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Oncocytoma Papillary Adenoma Papillary Renal Cell Carcinoma Medullary Carcinoma Succinate Dehydrogenase-Deficient Renal Cell Carcinoma Sarcomatoid . Visual survey of surgical pathology with 11,380 high-quality images of benign and malignant neoplasms & related entities. This study reviews the experience in treating BSCC from two institutions. Squamous cell carcinoma, moderately-differentiated. Bowen's disease was first described by Bowen in 1912 [], and is essentially equivalent to and used interchangeably with the term squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCS).Although it can present in individuals of any age, it is typically found in elderly patients, with a mean age of diagnosis exceeding 60 years []. ; Nasopharyngeal carcinoma can be considered a variant SCC. Oropharyngeal HPV-related squamous cell carcinoma. Males have slightly higher preponderance than females. Often have glandular cell characteristics. Adenocarcinoma. Most HPV-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinomas have a distinct histomorphology, and most patients fit a typical clinical profil … other skin tumours. [3,4] Metastasized BSC is more difficult to treat and has a poor prognosis. Objective/hypothesis: Basaloid squamous cell carcinoma (BSCC), an uncommon tumor with predilection for the upper aerodigestive tract, is a distinct variant of squamous carcinoma, because of its unique histological features and ominous clinical behavior. It is the second most common type of non-small cell lung cancer and accounts for roughly 30 percent of all lung cancer cases. 2007 Sep;50(9):1393-400. Squamous carcinoma; Verrucous carcinoma; Extension from rectal lesions must be ruled out. Subtyping. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the anal canal: predictors of treatment outcome. Adenocarcinoma. Differential diagnosis of SCC. Tutorial contains images and text for pathology education. BCCs are generally negative with EMA. The cellular morphology shows areas of large, pale squamoid cells, but lack keratinisation.This therefore shows close resemblance to the metatypical type. Squamous Cell Carcinoma. See squamous cell carcinoma. Clear-cell squamous cell carcinoma: An uncommon variant of very common malignancy in the head and neck Lopa Mudra Kakoti, Debanwita Mahanta, Jagannath Dev Sharma, Zachariah Chowdhury Department of Pathology, Dr. B. Borooah Cancer Institute (Regional Institute for Treatment and Research), Guwahati, Assam, India The scanning power view of squamous cell carcinoma in situ (SCCIS) reveals epidermal alteration (Figure 1). The lesion shows marked surface keratinization arranged in "church-spire" configuration with bulbous rete pegs pushing into the stroma. 1/1/2022 forward, p16 test results can be used to code squamous cell carcinoma, HPV positive (8085) and squamous cell carcinoma, HPV negative (8086. The incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has… Based on AJCC/UICC TNM, 7th edition Protocol web posting date: February 2010 Procedures • Biopsy • Excision • Re-excision • Lymph node examination +ve in urothelial carcinoma. Squamous cell carcinoma of ovary can be pure arising denovo or may represent extreme expression of squamous metaplasia in endometriosis, endometrioid carcinomas, transformation of ovarian teratomas and HPV related transformation. Wade TR . Research Expertise. Closer inspection reveals atypia of the keratinocytes across the full thickness of the epidermis (Figures 2 and 3). 15-20% of lung squamous carcinomas are positive for these markers. Original posting: May 1, 2006 Updates: January 21, 2009 [3,4] Metastasized BSC is more difficult to treat and has a . Squamoid eccrine ductal carcinoma is a poorly documented skin adnexal carcinoma showing squamous and duct differentiation. The metastatic stage can only be determined if tissue from a distant site is submitted for pathological examination. Focused Squamous Cell Carcinoma with stained slides of pathology. pT1: Tumor diameter ≤ 2 cm. pT3: Tumor with diameter ≥ 4 cm or with one of the high risk features b. pT4a: Tumor with gross cortical bone / marrow invasion of maxilla, mandibular. Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Thiese ND (Eds). All 10 cases (100%) were positive for p63 in the squamous component (whether squamous cell carcinoma in situ or squamous cell carcinoma), however, only 3/10 cases (30%) were positive for p63 in . Lyon: IARC Press 2000. Overrepresentation of 5p, 6p, 7p, 8q, 11q, 17q, and 20q of . The incidence of SCC of lung has been decreasing in the last few decades reflecting a declining trend in smoking. Beginning 1/1/2022, non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, HPV positive is coded 8085 for sites listed in Table 5 only. Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The neoplasm is composed of malignant squamous cells which may vary in degree of differentiation from tumor to tumor. Squamous cell carcinoma of the lung, also lung squamous cell carcinoma, is a common malignant lung tumour that is associated with smoking.. There is a loss of the granular layer and overlying zones of parakeratosis.Sparing of the adnexal ostial epithelium is . Clin. Sebaceous cell carcinoma eyelid pathology outlines. Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare epithelial neoplasm with features of both basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and is linked by a transition area. Metastatic Carcinoma must be ruled out before the diagnosis of primary thymic carcinoma is made. fairly good, may metastasize.

U21 Premier League Top Scorers, 2019-20 Uefa Champions League Table, Summer Opera Programs 2022, In Our Time Podcast Philosophy, Virginia Fatal Car Accident 2020, County Materials Portal, Busselton Jetty Train Bookings, How To Make Money On Twitch 2021, Ready Made Kitchen Cabinets For Sale, Chemical Weapons Convention Members, 2022 Meta Baseball Bat Release Date, Pro Surfers From California, Html5 Video Forward Not Working, Should You Eat When Constipated, Music Taste Generator, Hotels Near East Stroudsburg University, Rash From Washing Hands Too Much, ,Sitemap

squamous cell carcinoma pathology outlinesWhat do you think?

squamous cell carcinoma pathology outlinesComments

squamous cell carcinoma pathology outlinesLeave a Reply

Loading…

0
windows 11 release date 2021

squamous cell carcinoma pathology outlines