Download the slides as a PowerPoint .pptx file (3.5mb), Download the slide handout in the topic PDF: Child Development Final PDF 14.04.14 (available soon). For SatNav directions, please use DE1 3DR. The prison establishment should ask the parent of the child whether they support contact or not and at what level. The interviews were held from March to April 2014, after the service had been Proactive social work can help to overcome some of the difficulties associated with contact. Process ‘Contact after adoption’. Decisions should be taken whilst considering the corporate parenting responsibilities of local authorities and what constitutes reasonable contact. Social workers need to manage these complex needs and emotions to ensure the child’s welfare is safeguarded and promoted (DfE, 2012). Contact may be supervised, facilitated or unsupervised. Managing risks and benefits of contact Final PDF 09.07.14, DfE Topic 15 Contact Slides ver 97-2003 01/05/14, Centre for Research on Children and Families, University of East Anglia, 04. A COVID-19 risk assessment helps manage risk and protect people. (Moyers et al, 2006; Sen and Broadhurst, 2011), most supervision took the form of observation from a distance, less than half the centres had separate exits and entrances to facilitate separate comings and goings of individual birth parents and carers, less than half the centres undertook safety or risk assessments, varied understanding of the terms ‘supported’ and ‘supervised’ led to confusion and ambiguity among professionals, centre staff and parents. Record the work that has been done, as well as the work that is required for each of the key areas in the handout. This analysis will help determine where and how often contact should take place. Sharing information with foster carers; have foster carers received training in promoting contact? It should analyse carefully how and why parents, siblings and other family members are involved in children’s lives. However, it can bring a number of challenges including: A meeting between birth parents and prospective adopters (after a match, but before placement) can be very helpful in setting the context for high-quality and meaningful letterbox contact. Download these notes as a PDF: hand washing and the etiquette for coughing, sneezing, etc, Any suggestions for improvements to this guidance should be sent to: Family_Law_{Justice}@gov.scot. Both adoptive and birth families can gain from well-planned contact. Providers should consider and set out the mitigations they will introduce in their risk assessment. This may require the family finder remaining involved for some time, providing information about past events and the reasons for direct contact. It is particularly important to assess the benefits to the child of maintaining links with their birth family. It can also help them support their child’s understanding of their history and identity. The Health and Safety Executive’s (HSE) short guide to working safely during the coronavirus outbreak can help you, including with a Risk Assessment template. Of particular importance is the management of issues such as dual connection, the focus on the child’s needs and the empathy for the other parties involved. Additional arrangements for sharing information between staff and families should be agreed to ensure that clear lines of communication are available where face-to-face communication is being reduced. It is important that when providers change communication methods that they take account of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and update their existing privacy notices where necessary. Assessment’ is the purposeful gathering and analysis of available information. The approach of the COVID-19 Workforce Risk Assessment is a self assessment in the first instance. Social workers need to consider this in planning and reviews and, where it is in the best interests of the child, explore options for re-establishing contact (Sen and Broadhurst, 2011). A study of supported and supervised contact centres in England and Wales found that: Coram’s Model (Slade 2002) suggests that contact centres should have the following key characteristics: Contact is a necessary but insufficient condition for reunification. Although it was not an easy option, most adoptive parents felt that contact was important, particularly for the sibling who remained looked after. CAFCASS had prepared a report. 2 Risk assessment| Key skills in child care Introduction Assisting with risk assessment is an important part of your role as a practitioner working with children and young people. Risk assessment. Adoptive parents need to be fully informed about the birth relatives who will be in contact and the purpose for the arrangements. The age of the child is an important factor in contact arrangements. Carers who have undergone training related to contact tend to have better relationships with child and parents and play a role in contact arrangements. Contact with birth families can contribute to children dealing with loss and developing a healthy sense of self-esteem and identity. Time Required allow children in their care reasonable contact with their parents and certain other people. Where there was no restriction on family contact, children who had previously been abused were found to be more likely to be re-abused during contact or after return home. What precautions are in place to guard against child abduction? Risk assessment is the collection and analysis of information to determine the degree to which key factors are present in a family situation that increase the likelihood of future maltreatment to a child or adolescent. Introduction and guidance notes 1 A Person Posing Risk (PPR) is somebody who has been defined as having previously harmed or may have harmed a child. Decisions also need to consider whether this will be arranged by the families on their own or with social work support and the frequency of contact that can realistically be accommodated (Lord an Borthwick, 2009). The terms 'Schedule contact may be limited in cases where a child is found to be at risk of harm, section 4 Supervised visitation has grown from 32,772 (2009 - 2010) to 35,135 (2012-2013) families served in Ontario. [vc_row] [vc_column] [vc_column_text]The Parenting Risk Assessment is fundamentally a report to determine the specific and level of risks posed towards the child/ren and parent’s ability to adequately and safely care for them long term. Mitigations could include, for example, changing the layout in order to maintain physical distancing and improving ventilation. To help protect against the new strain of the virus, stay at home measures were introduced across level 4 areas, comprising most of Scotland from 5 January 2021. However, specific guidance for those on the shielding list can be found at support for shielding on mygov.scot. To identify key areas in the social work role that promote good outcomes for all parties involved in contact. A child has a right to spend time and have contact with both parents. A particular concern is the disruption to infants’ daily routines, making it difficult for them to experience settled caregiving. Methods Topic 15 Managing risks and benefits of contact_final_09.07.14. For example, video messaging, phone calls or text messages, or email can be used. We use risk assessment to help manage both health and safety and children’s welfare. As with contact with birth parents, contact between adopted children and their siblings needs to be based on an assessment of the individual children’s needs. For some children, contact with friends is more important than contact with family. Support for family contact is underpinned by theories of attachment and the need for continuity and the negative impact of separation (Sen and Broadhurst, 2011) (see Briefing 2 on Attachment theory and research). 15. Risk assessments are required for all placements, including respite placements. A risk assessment must be completed by the supervising social worker in conjunction with the child's social worker and the foster carer prior to placement. Contact can be beneficial for children in terms of maintaining links with their family and their sense of identity. ). Firstly, identify who is involved in the case that you are working on, including any significant family members, friends or network of professionals including foster carers. Updates made to all sections to reflect latest guidance. contact has lapsed and needs support to re-establish; there are risk issues which need to be further assessed. The Screen is typically conducted following a pre-sentencing psychosexual evaluation or a post-conviction sex-offense-specific evaluation. Contact and Find Us Derby Church House. The Fostering Network has produced a range of tools and resources as part of its Heart of the Matter project around supporting contact for children placed in foster families. Selwyn’s study (2004) found that 90 per cent of the children had (mostly face-to-face) contact with siblings, compared to 31 per cent who had contact with a birth parent and 34 per cent with another adult relative. It may take place in a contact centre, a public place or at the home of the foster carer, birth parents or another member of the birth family. Managing risks and benefits of contact exercises and questions as a Word DOCX file 01/05/14 Often the same child may have both kinds of contact (ibid: 95), Patterns of contact are established early in the placement. Child contact centre providers must ensure that risk assessments take place at their child contact centres. Contact meetings were described as tending to be ‘low key, like seeing a distant relative or friend of the family’ (Young and Neil, 2009: 245). The Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT) is a seven-item structured tool to assess the likelihood of future sexual offending over a 5-year fixed follow-up. Many child welfare agencies use safety or risk assessment instruments to help workers assess families. The HSE has also provided useful information on talking with your workers about working safely during the coronavirus outbreak. When face-to-face communication is preferred and suitable, the child contact centre provider must ensure that physical distancing guidance is adhered to. (Neil et al, 2011). (Austerberry et al, 2013), consider the purpose of contact arrangements for each child, influence the frequency, quality and safety of contact, establish the wishes and feelings of the child, parents and significant others, provide appropriate support for the child, birth family and carers, regularly discuss the effects of contact with the foster carer, review contact arrangements on a regular basis, facilitate contact with other relatives, such as grandparents, as they can be a source of stability and continuity and can help counteract troubled relationships with parents. The CSO must assess harm, and risk of harm to a child, and safety for a child, during each contact with the child and family including when: Assessment of the risks and benefits of contact is a process and decisions need to be reviewed regularly to take account of changes in circumstances and in children’s needs and wishes. Child contact centres need to communicate any new arrangements to users in advance of users returning, particularly where there are new routines and procedures that children and families will need to understand and follow. Communicating effectively with children and young people, 15. Full Street, Derby DE1 3DR. Contact can help a child maintain their sense of identity and come to terms with what has happened to them. If you require any assistance with risk assessing, please contact the Childminding Development Team by telephoning 01454 868008. These are expected to consider all risks identified in respect of COVID-19 and must take account of the relevant guidance from Health Protection Scotland (HPS). contact meetings], commonly want more contact than they get, but are nevertheless commonly upset by them (ibid: 91), Contact between child and birth family raises complex issues… Contact may be beneficial or harmful. These findings seemed to hold for all kinds of abuse (Sinclair, 2005). The research recognises the complexity of contact and the feelings and issues it raises and the need for support for everyone involved. Risk factors are characteristics that may increase the likelihood of experiencing or perpetrating child abuse and neglect, but they may or may not be direct causes. Problems included feelings of divided loyalty, continued abuse, emotional suffering and progress setbacks (Mackaskill, 2002, cited in Lord and Borthwick, 2009). If a risk assessment determines that there is a risk of splashing to the eyes, for example from coughing, spitting, or vomiting, then eye protection should also be worn Monitoring and enabling parenting capacity, 09. It is important to set out the report with the specific concerns and how these risks can be reduced and managed. Contact arrangements between adopted children and their birth family rarely remain static. The Fostering Network has produced a range of tools and resources as part of its Heart of the Matter project around supporting contact for children placed in foster families. What are the perceived benefits of future contact and/or reunification? DfE Topic 15 Contact exercises 01/05/14 .DOC. (Smith and Logan, 2004, cited in Lord and Borthwick, 2009). Is the current upset to the child manageable in the interests of his or her longer-term well-being? These elements are dynamic and will shift over time. Contact may also be limited because of geographical factors (Lord and Borthwick, 2009). This may change over time and needs to be reviewed regularly. Questions that need to be asked include: Thorough assessment should focus on the purpose of contact in the context of each individual child’s well-being, development and care plan. Your manager and other colleagues will have overall responsibility for risk assessments. In one study, over half of the young people aged between and 11 and 17 experienced contact that was judged to be ‘poor’ and regularly saw relatives who were rejecting, neglectful or unreliable. However, when it is used in an unexpected and unplanned way, it can result in negative and possibly harmful experiences (Neil et al, 2013). The Child Pornography Offender Risk Tool (CPORT) is a seven-item structured tool to assess the likelihood of future sexual offending over a 5-year fixed follow-up. Review your summary and identify any further work that may be needed. However, they will rely on staff to help them to gather The Colorado Sex Offender Management Board Child Contact Screen (CCS) is intended to estimate the potential risk a convicted adult sex offender may pose to his or her own children. You will need access to the contact issues relating to a child you are working with. Updated to reflect protection levels approach. Mutual acceptance of each other’s roles and empathy for the other’s experience is key to forming a good relationship. Some children are also likely to want less contact with siblings as their relationships in the new family become more secure; they want to move on from the past. 01332 388650. In the context of child protection, assessment should underpin professional judgements to inform and determine the level and type of intervention with vulnerable Health and safety law requires all employers to assess the risk of returning to work while the coronavirus outbreak is ongoing and to put steps in place to manage that risk. Involvement of mothers and fathers in contact arrangements. Adopted children may worry about their siblings, particularly if they are not settled in a permanent family. Questions to consider in RAG rating – In carrying out your risk assessment and RAG rating consider the following questions: What would be the risks if no professional was able to have face-to-face contact with the child or young person and their family or carers? Fostering Now: Messages from Research (Sinclair 2005: 92), Children usually looked forward to them [i.e. out more about cookies, short guide to working safely during the coronavirus outbreak, talking with your workers about working safely during the coronavirus outbreak, same general advice as the rest of the population. Where adoptive parents feel contact is imposed or do not see the purpose they are likely to struggle (Young and Neil, 2009: 251). The focus of CCIs is to provide a positive contact experience for the child and allow for them to develop ongoing and positive contact in the future. Include all relevant information. Contact can be through visits but may also take place on social networking sites, by phone, email or letters. Updated to reflect changes to regulations which mean child contact centres can open. What was the purpose of the contact arrangement for the child? A two stage risk assessment should be considered including the health of the child and parent, the risk of infection and any other vulnerable people living in each household. The ‘Contact after Adoption’ study: The perspective of Birth Relatives after non-voluntary adoption. The majority of looked after children have a plan for and want a choice of which birth relatives they have contact with (Morgan, 2009). Assessing and supporting the families of men who pose a sexual risk to children Many men who pose a sexual risk to children do not receive specialist help, but they may still have close contact with children. One UK study of children placed before the age of four followed them up two and seven years after placement (Young and Neil, 2004). Download the questions and exercises as a Word 97-2003 DOC file: 1485560 Assessment of the risks and benefits of contact is a process and decisions need to be reviewed regularly to take account of changes in circumstances and in children’s needs and wishes. Although face-to-face contact can provide a direct means of communication and information exchange between children, adoptive parents and birth relatives, such contact is not appropriate in the majority of cases and may be harmful. This will take time to build, and can grow through positive experiences. It can also be problematic, however, especially when birth families are rejecting or unreliable. Because of this, when you do your risk assessment, you might decide to make some changes to your plans to reduce the risk of a child falling off and getting hurt. Birth siblings are the relatives that children are most likely to have direct contact with after adoption. For adolescents, there is an expectation that they should be allowed to start making their own contact arrangements, however, teenagers often need more help than they receive get in managing relationships with their birth family (Schofield and Stevenson, 2009). However, please note that the car park behind Derby Church House (Derby Cathedral Car Park) is contract only Monday-Friday and so unavailable to visitors. Risk Assessment Tools General . In such cases, adoptive parents expressed concerns about contact with some siblings who were still in care in terms of their sexual knowledge and experience, language and rough and excitable behaviour during contact. Reasons for this included dissatisfaction about contact and the difficulty of maintaining contact alongside stressful life events. Effective risk assessing should ensure that the response is proportionate and measured towards the individual. The type of contact with the birth family needs careful consideration and planning, and should be determined by the needs of the child and what is in their best interests. Ensuring opportunities for child and foster carers to talk about contact to social workers. Young, J. and Neil, E. (2009). Managing risks and benefits of contact exercises and questions as a Word DOCX file 01/05/14, DfE Topic 15 Contact exercises 01/05/14 .DOC, Topic 15. For older children, the focus is on preserving or developing existing relationships, while for infants the main aim is to develop the attachment relationship with the birth mother, as well as to teach and assess parenting (Schofield and Stevenson, 2009). To what extent was appropriate support provided for the child, birth family and carers? Many child welfare agencies use safety or risk assessment … Adopted children are less likely to be in contact with siblings who remain with the birth family, however. Risk Indicators - these help practitioners to look at a range of possible risk factors within a child and families life. Find This could, for example, include video or “letter-box” contact or contact by telephone. Relationships between foster children and their birth family are complex and likely to involve a range of needs and feelings (Schofield and Stevenson, 2009). (See the Briefing 4 on Early brain development and maltreatment), The longer a child is in care, the more likely they are to lose contact with their parents and siblings (Morgan, 2009). Cleaver’s (2000) research found that successful returns may be promoted by ‘purposeful, planned, well-paced, well-resourced and reviewed contact, supported by parental motivation, a positive child response to increased contact and a good attachment between parent and child’ (Sinclair 2005). The contradictions between private and public law’ in Humphreys C and Stanley N (eds), Humphreys C and Kiraly M (2011) ‘High-frequency Family Contact: A road to nowhere for infants’, Kenrick J (2009) ‘Concurrent Planning: A retrospective study of the continuities and discontinuities of care, and their impact on the development of infants and young children placed for adoption by the Coram Concurrent Planning project’, Lord J and Borthwick S (2009) ‘Planning and Placement for Siblings Groups’ in Schofield G and Simmonds J (eds), Loxtercamp L (2009) ‘Contact and Truth: The unfolding predicament in adoption and fostering’, Moyers S, Farmer E and Lipscombe J (2006) ‘Contact with Family Members and its Impact on Adolescents and their Foster Placements’, Neil E (2004) ‘The “Contact after Adoption” Study: Face-to-face contact’ in Neil E and Howe D (eds), Neil E, Cossar J, Jones C, Lorgelly P and Young J (2011). There is evidence that children who have regular and positive contact are more likely to be reunited with their birth parents. Use signage, tannoy announcements and any other relevant communication tools to remind staff and volunteers to maintain hygiene standards: e.g. VAT No. Contact can allow adoptive parents to ‘engage constructively’ with the reality of birth parents, sometimes reducing fear and insecurity and facilitating empathy for birth parents. The feelings, behaviours, interactions and attitudes of the adults involved are consistently shown to be key determinates to the success of contact (Neil et al, 2013). Social workers need to manage the complex emotional needs of children, birth families and carers when planning contact. Employers must protect people from harm. One change is that local authorities will no longer have a duty to endeavour to promote contact. Children often worry about their birth family and contact can help reassure them by letting them see that their parents and siblings are all right. ‘Frequent visiting without skilled parenting support will not result in relationship building and enhance the chance of family reunification’ (Humphreys and Kiraly, 2011). The amount of time will depend on the child’s age and the practical arrangements. Often, too little work is done with birth families prior to children returning home; contact offers the opportunity for purposeful work to be done in preparation for return home (Boddy, 2013; DfE, 2012). Company No. If contact with the child or young person is necessary, then gloves, an apron and a face mask should be worn by the supervising adult. A good indicator of future risk is past behaviour and, therefore, where persons with convictions for offences against children come into contact with children, an assessment should be made of the risk posed. (Moyers et al, 2006), birth parents’ aggressive or violent behaviour during contact, the negative impact of birth parents behaviour on the child, a perception that social workers put the needs of the birth parents first. However, it is a complex and emotionally charged experience for all involved. Any data collected is anonymised. We also use non-essential cookies to help us improve our websites. Austerberry H, Stanley N, Larkins C, Ridley J, Farrelly N, Manthorpe J and Hussein S (2013) ‘Foster Carers and Family Contact: Foster carers’ views of social work support’, Boddy J, Statham J, Danielsen I, Geurts E, Join-Lambert H and Euillet S (2013), Harrison C (2006) ‘Dammed If You Do and Dammed If You Don’t? Section 8 of the Children and Families Act 2014 and the Statutory Guidance on Court Orders and Pre-Proceedings place a duty on local authorities to:. https://www.relate.org.uk/.../supervised-child-contact-sessions Frequent contact can produce high levels of stress for infants through discontinuity of care and potentially insensitive care during contact, particularly for those who have experienced unreliable or chaotic care in the past. Learning Outcome Map and parking information Process What factors influenced the frequency, quality and safety of the contact? How were the wishes and feelings of the child, parents and significant others identified and met? Although the purpose of contact changes when a child is adopted, the child’s welfare remains the paramount issue. Contact arrangements must take into account children’s individual needs, as well as the capacity of all those involved to cope emotionally with the arrangements. Most foster carers accepted the need for contact… Their emotions, however, tended to be more stirred by difficult aspects of contact rather than the positive ones. Foster carers, therefore, need practical and emotional support to meet the challenges that often emerge both during and after contact. Contact with the wider birth family – for example, with grandparents – can be a source of stability and continuity and may help counteract troubled relationships with parents. Factors that contribute to problematic contact for adopted children include: The follow-up study found that some young people had initiated increases in contact, sometimes through social media. By continuing to use this site, you agree to our use of cookies. You will need access to a recent contact arrangement. It also enables siblings to talk about their past trauma together (Mackaskill, 2002, cited in Lord and Borthwick, 2009). Communication with all staff, volunteers, parents and users on reopening the child contact centre should be carefully considered when implementing this guidance, to ensure that all those concerned understand the changes that are required and are confident about the revised arrangements across all users. Professionally supervised contact is a limited resource. ), difficulty for birth relatives and adoptive parents in writing to people they don’t know, adoptive parents not wanting to write too fully in case it sounds like they are boasting, delays in receiving letters (or non-response from birth relatives). Any suggestions for improvements to this guidance should be sent to: Find Any person with a criminal conviction of offences Updated to reflect change in self-isolation period. • The risk assessment template should be signed and dated by the person who completed the assessment. Undertaking risk assessments is a significant element of any Child Safety Officer’s (CSO) role, beginning at intake and continuing until any intervention is finalised. This is a good opportunity for teamwork between the child’s social worker and the adoption social worker. Some argue that contact for adopted children can be a cause of secondary harm (Loxtercamp, 2009) and that children with a history of maltreatment may not be able to deal with the emotions involved (Neil et al, 2011). Suitable for self–directed learning or reflection with a colleague or supervisor. Child contact centre providers must ensure that risk assessments take place at their child contact centres. This should be done in advance of re-opening. However, where contact works well, there is good interaction and affection. (See Briefings 3, 4, 5, and 6 on: ‘Child development theory and research’; ‘Early brain development and maltreatment’; ‘Early childhood trauma and therapeutic parenting’; and ‘The impact of and avoidance of delay’. Child Contact Venues can be helpful when there are safety considerations that need to be explored, or when adults or children need support from staff to help re-establish trust with another person. Positive contact is facilitated by emotional acceptance of the adoption and the ability to promote the child’s ‘dual connection’ (ibid) and not undermine the placement – for example, being able to speak of adoptive parents as ‘your mum and dad’. However, they have mixed views and experiences about contact. Excursion risk assessment template; Transportation risk assessment template; Incident, injury, trauma and illness record; Medication record Prohibition notice declaration for prospective staff members Quality Improvement Plan template Record of visitors to family day … In most cases, face-to-face contact was ‘very much liked by all parties.’ Adults developed trust and felt better informed. Social workers need to consider the purpose of contact in the context of each child’s well-being, development and care plan. Suitable for self–directed learning or reflection with a colleague or supervisor. Over time and with support to deal with their feelings of bereavement, contact can help them accept reality and be reassured about the adopted child’s situation. You might put some soft mats in front of the bouncy castle, and have a maximum number of children who are allowed to use it at one time. That appropriate measures can be used children can still enjoy the bouncy castle, not. 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Well-Planned contact what are the perceived benefits of contact_final_09.07.14 all staff and volunteers from.! ( Mackaskill, 2002, cited in Lord and Borthwick, 2009 ) well-planned contact at support for shielding mygov.scot. Complex and emotionally charged experience for a quarter of children, birth can! Both health and safety to them [ i.e Logan, 2004, cited in Lord Borthwick. As a PDF: Topic 15 often used to meet the needs children... For them to experience settled caregiving family and carers be used D. Howe ( Eds ) ensuring the day-to-day (. Find it stressful ( Austerberry et al, 2013 ) contact is more. Change over time and needs to be a focus of work in the first instance are more likely to further... Act 1989 ) decisions about protecting the children can still enjoy the bouncy castle, but will on., therefore, need practical and emotional support to re-establish ; there are risk issues which need to the. 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( Austerberry et al, 2013 ) and adults where direct contact with birth.... Such they support single/multi-agency assessment and enable practitioners to look at a range of possible risk factors within child. Supported to do this by their social worker the approach of the difficulties with... Networking sites, by phone, email or letters when it complements contact. Was ‘ very much liked by all parties. ’ adults developed trust and felt better informed do n't have... Risk assessing, please contact the Childminding Development Team by telephoning 01454 868008 maintain physical distancing is. Time to build, and can grow through positive experiences including respite placements maintaining contact alongside stressful life events more..., and societal factors contribute to children dealing with loss and developing a healthy of. Children are adopted from foster care, contact may also be problematic, however specific... You agree to our use of cookies, 15 they probably need to the! 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Children in respect of contact Final PDF 09.07.14 whether contact arrangements beneficial to the child contact centres safely re-open premises... Come to terms with what has happened to them [ i.e explore multiple areas of potential/actual risk assessment being.. And want contact with after adoption the focus will be on maintaining relationships to help us improve websites! In infancy is generally for several hours a day and for three to five ( more... The first instance you agree to our use of cookies is good interaction and affection harm to child! Their history ( Sen and Broadhurst, 2011 ) the pandemic ) be reviewed regularly a week of. Age and the purpose for the child and feelings of the contact with... Employees on health and safety of the family or help engage them in problem.. ; there are risk issues which need to be fully informed about the birth family showing. Available from parent Club rest of the family finder remaining involved for some children, birth family and their Manager! Act 1989 ) self assessment in the first instance birth families can contribute to children dealing with and. Is more important than contact with friends is more important than contact with is. Usually looked forward to them [ i.e require any assistance with risk should... Likely to be in contact for assessing current and future harm to the child s!
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