He sees the rise of the internet as … Trumped … a Facebook page promotes Hillary Clinton as president. First, as a staple of the most extreme conspiracists’ diet: he supposedly acts in concert with the fictional present-day incarnation of the 18th-century Illuminati, as well as with real clubs, such as the Bilderberg group. His aim is to highlight and correct this historical oversight. The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, from the Freemasons to Facebook Niall Ferguson. Commenting has been disabled at this time but you can still. Another welcome vignette concerns General Sir Walter Walker, a pioneer of counter-insurgency, whose hostility to homosexuals and immigrants, and suspicions about the British prime minister, led him to “end up as fodder for the writers of sitcoms” in the 1970s. . . By Samuel Culper • April 16, 2018 April 24, 2018. Join nearly 9,000 people already receiving the Forward Observer … NF’s central worry is that our latest networks make us vulnerable to economic and political anarchy. That seems like publisher’s hyperbole. Niall Ferguson, the prolific historian and broadcaster, is no conspiracy theorist. It was “the collective efforts of Soros’s network” that broke the pound, Ferguson writes, by which he means that the feat could not have been pulled off if other investors had not followed Soros’s lead. In . So does Facebook, which has over a quarter of the human race as members, many of whom seem not nearly secretive enough. Communications breakthroughs drive a centuries-long war between monolithic power and connected innovators in this sweeping conceptual history of the modern world. Report abuse. The Square and the Tower in addition to being provocative history, may prove to be a bellwether work of the Internet Age.” —Christian Science Monitor "Niall Ferguson has again written a brilliant book. Phone orders min p&p of £1.99. The twenty-first century has been hailed as the Networked Age. Free UK p&p over £10, online orders only. Far from being novel, our era is the Second Networked Age, with the personal computer in the role of the printing press. His short chapters are lucid snapshots of a world history of Towers and Squares, filled with gracefully deployed learning. I was four hundred pages into Niall Ferguson’s The Square and the Tower before it paid off. Niall Ferguson: a powerful, fast-paced narrative. NR PLUS. The Square and The Tower by Niall Ferguson is an excellent analysis of the way hierarchies and networks have shaped both business and politics from the 14th century to today. Book Review – The Square and the Tower. Most networks are hierarchical, after all, and there are few hierarchies that are not in some sense part of a wider network. Less familiar, perhaps, are the machinations of Alfred Milner, a British colonial administrator and politician, who became high commissioner of South Africa in 1897 and the subject of conspiracy theories that were partly well-founded. Indeed, such is Ferguson’s restless desire to uncover connectedness that he can sound like a conspiracy theorist, though he is at pains to distance himself from that perspective. . . If playback doesn't begin shortly, try restarting your device. I don’t usually give books that long, but I’ve enjoyed lots of Ferguson’s writing before, and I wanted to see where this one was going. . A few are perhaps too staccato in the telling – eight of the 60 chapters are three pages or fewer – but there are strong extended treatments of several of the subjects of Ferguson’s previous books, including Henry Kissinger (a “networker of genius”), Britain’s colonial past and the doings of the Rothschild family. The Square and the Tower in addition to being provocative history, may prove to be a bellwether work of the Internet Age.” —Christian Science Monitor "Niall Ferguson has again written a brilliant book. Tom, Zee, Roy, & Mike Take a look at a Dune themed deck building worker placement game from the designers of Clank! . That premise, set out in the first 50 pages of the book, is that by adding the formal social science of networks to the informal descriptive practice of history, we can unlock new insights. Last modified on Mon 3 Feb 2020 12.14 GMT, In a dark joke from the early 1930s, a Jewish man is gleefully browsing Der Stürmer, a Nazi propaganda rag. Samuel Culper is a former Intelligence NCO and contractor. Anthony Gottlieb’s latest book is The Dream of Enlightenment: The Rise of Modern Philosophy. The problem is that there are simply too many strands and too much disparate information for a coherent thesis to emerge. Ferguson provides a primer on the subject, though readers will have to refer to a few of his footnotes to get much meat. They would have rather an easy job, because wars, revolutions and economic crashes could be explained simply by exposing the cabals that engineered them. Ferguson construes the notion of a network broadly. Select Your Cookie Preferences. Free UK p&p over £10, online orders only. kirkus review Renowned economic historian Ferguson ( Kissinger: 1923-1968: The Idealist , 2015, etc.) His latest book, The Square and Tower: Networks, Hierarchies and the Struggle for Global Power, claims to be “a whole new way of looking at the world”. Iraq(x1)/Afghanistan(x2). Helpful . He now studies intelligence and warfare. “The Square and the Tower” will not disappoint readers who have come to expect from Ferguson ambition, erudition, originality and expansive historical panoramas. REVIEW: The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power. His 2011 book Civilisation was subtitled, with a market eye on contemporary buzzwords, The Six Killer Apps of Western Power. Photograph: Alamy. From the printers and preachers who made the Reformation to the freemasons who led the American Revolution, it was the networkers who disrupted the old order of popes and kings. Ferguson’s book sports sociograms of (among others) the characters in Hamlet, the Medicis of Florence and their friends, the trade network of the British East India Company, Voltaire and his correspondents, the inevitable Bloomsbury group and jihadi sites on Twitter. These … Review: The Square and the Tower: Networks, Hierarchies and the Struggle for Global Power by Niall Ferguson Niall Ferguson’s bold attempt to … The Square and the Tower stands as another addition to the expanding literature trying to explain the direction in which the world is heading. From the printers and preachers who made the Reformation to the freemasons who led the American Revolution, it was the networkers who disrupted the old order of popes and kings. . Phone orders min p&p of £1.99, Niall Ferguson interview: ‘Public life these days is a cascade of abuse’. The important lesson of “The Square and the Tower” is that the existence of a network, or network effects for that matter, should be the beginning not the end of the analysis. To order a copy for £18.27 (RRP £25) go to bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846. Historian Ferguson (The Ascent of ... Read full review We are increasingly at risk of being coarsened, polarised and hacked, according to this Cassandra. draws on insights from network theory to examine disruptions across time. His short chapters are lucid snapshots of a world history of Towers and Squares, filled with gracefully deployed learning. From the early 20th century onwards, similar graphs, known as “sociograms”, were used to map social relationships. A summary won’t get the job done for you. Governments and other hierarchies are stable, suggests the author, building on insights by Henry Kissinger, to the extent that they are flexible in the face of changing conditions. The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, from the Freemasons to Facebook by Niall Ferguson Book Review. He writes big, muscular books with high-concept ideas that target current concerns through the prism of the past. Forward Observer Dispatch; REVIEW; Share this: Tweet; Email; Print; Related. We control the banks, we control the country – we run the whole world!”. The Square and Tower: Networks, Hierarchies and the Struggle for Global Power is a book by Niall Ferguson, published in 2018 by Penguin Books, where he explains how those at the top of the towers of power have been overstated and the influence of "the social networks down below, in the town squares" has been underestimated. No book written by a historian of Ferguson’s gifts is likely to disappoint, but The Square and the Tower does have one obvious weakness: it’s not at all clear that the author takes his own premise seriously. The science originated with some mathematical diagrams drawn by Leonhard Euler in the 18th century, to solve a puzzle about journeys and bridges. . And how come you’re enjoying it so much?” “Because,” he answers, “if you read the Jewish papers, it is going terribly for us. The Square and the Tower by Niall Ferguson is published by Allen Lane (£25). Some of the book’s material will be familiar to readers of recent British history, such as a lively account of Cambridge’s Conversazione Society (or “Apostles”) and the university’s Soviet spies. the square and the tower. They are pull-yourself-together warnings to the present by way of arresting historical precedent. To order a copy for for £21.25, go to guardianbookshop.com or call 0330 333 8646. This often seems a distinction without a great – or great enough – difference. 'The Square and the Tower' gains in fascination as it tells its stories, considering networks ranging from the Mafia to the Soviet Union of Stalin. Niall Ferguson, the prolific historian and broadcaster, is no conspiracy theorist. The Square And The Tower (a reference to the center of the medieval city of Siena in Italy) will certainly not be the only attempt to reckon with our contemporary world's place in history, but it will definitely be considered one of the more thought-provoking and provocative. Most of the tale that Ferguson has to tell, though, is recounted as conventional narrative history rather than applied network theory, and is none the worse for that. In the Sweden of Ruben Östlund’s “The Square,” what was once Stockholm’s Royal Museum is now the “X-Royal” Museum, dedicated to contemporary art and its attendant values. Penguin Press, $30 (480p) ISBN 978-0-7352-2291-5 . Samuel Culper. The Tower is vertical, the Square horizontal. Posted 2018-01-22; filed under Books.. We just don’t know what to do about it. For it is networks that tend to innovate. For those interested in answers coming from historical examples, it is by far one of the best choices. The second came in the wake of the information-technology revolution of the 1970s and continues to the present day. It would be odd to seek a halfway house between your professional colleagues and a bunch of paranoid obsessives; fortunately, this is not what Ferguson actually delivers. An academic journal article in 2002 noted that influential work using network science to illuminate history had been published throughout the previous decade. Niall Ferguson is not the kind of historian who suffers from understatement. Second, at greater length, Soros is featured for his exploits in the currency markets in September 1992, when his hedge funds helped to bring about a devaluation of sterling, and he walked away with a fortune. The original Cassandra was not believed. For Ferguson, Walker’s military triumphs in the jungles of Borneo and Malaya were examples of the success of “decentralised decision-making” and “networked warfare”. But in The Square and the Tower Niall Ferguson argues that social networks are nothing new. George Soros, the philanthropist and financier, appears under two headings. However, in The Square and the Tower, Niall Ferguson argues that networks have always been with us, from the structure of the brain to the food chain, from the family tree to freemasonry. But in The Square and the Tower Niall Ferguson argues that social networks are nothing new. There is room for debate about that. Find helpful customer reviews and review ratings for The Square and the Tower: Networks, Hierarchies and the Struggle for Global Power at Amazon.com. Read honest and unbiased product reviews from our users. In terms of an analysis of networks and hierarchies, it does not stand as the definitive book, but rather, as Ferguson himself admits, as more of a synthesis of a … The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, from the Freemasons to Facebook User Review - Publishers Weekly. . And “networks were the key to what happened in American politics in 2016”. Far from being novel, our era is the Second Networked Age, with the computer in the role of the printing press. . The first was from the late 15th century, after the invention of printing, to the end of the 18th century. In The Square and The Tower, Niall Ferguson presents us a detailed series of examinations of the struggle between networks and hierarchies in managing society since the advent of writing.A central theme of the book is “that the tension between distributed networks and hierarchical orders is as old as humanity itself.” From the printers and preachers who made the Reformation to the freemasons who led the American Revolution, it was the networkers who disrupted the old order of popes and kings. But in this one, the news is all good. However, in The Square and the Tower, Niall Ferguson argues that networks have always been with us, from the structure of the brain to the food chain, from the family tree to freemasonry. But in revisiting such conspiracist tales – the Illuminati and the Rothschilds, for example – he confuses as much as demystifies. But it stands as the basis for his case about the ambiguous, not always progressive nature of networks. Since he regards the Reformation, the birth of modern science and indeed the whole Enlightenment as “network-based revolutions”, one has to wonder if the notion of a network is being overstretched. The thrust of Ferguson’s argument is that the world is shaped by two distinct organisational forces: hierarchies and networks. As Ferguson notes, the Illuminati survived by infiltrating the Freemasons, where they achieved little, ultimately collapsing and disappearing long before they were adopted by the lunatic fringe as the all-purpose sinister “they”. . These can be intriguing to browse, though it is not always clear why they are there. The Square and the Tower is connect the dots for history lovers. The Tower is the visible hand of order, the Square the invisible one of disruption. Human history (and NF’s book) is filled with examples of networks and hierarchies, many worth celebrating and equally many worth decrying. But here the dots are key historical groups (such as the Rothschild family) or figures (like Winston Churchill) and by connecting them together, Ferguson draws a big picture of how societies have been disrupted in unexpected ways. THE SQUARE AND THE TOWER is always readable, intelligent, original. Magazine February 19, 2018, Issue. That’s okay, though, because it is superbly written. Videos you watch may be added to the TV's watch history and influence TV recommendations. Throughout history, hierarchies housed in high towers have claimed to rule, but often real power has resided in the networks in the town square below. The Illuminati, a small 18th-century German order that sought to disseminate Enlightenment ideals, came to be seen – falsely – as the orchestrators of the French Revolution, and, by the modern crank tendency, as the puppet-masters behind everything. Ferguson doesn’t really explain, other than to say that they were an example of the intellectual networks that were “an integral part of the complex historical process that led Europe from Enlightenment to Revolution to Empire”. Between these extremes come the Jesuits, the Iberian conquistadors, European royalty in the 19th century, British abolitionists, al-Qaida, the Chinese Communist party and many more, all of whom are or were networks, in Ferguson’s expansive usage. Throughout history, hierarchies housed in high towers have claimed to rule, but often real power has resided in the networks in the town square below. The Square and the Tower by Niall Ferguson review – a restless tour through power The historian’s breadth of reference is impressive in this study of networks and hierarchies – … Cassocks and conspiracies … Ewan McGregor (in black) in Angels & Demons, the 2009 film adaptation of Dan Brown’s novel Illuminati. As he notes in the preface, conspiracy theorists see networks as hidden elites in cahoots with the established power structure, while far more often, he argues, networks disrupt the status quo. During the intervening years, from the late 1790s to the late 1960s, he reckons that hierarchical, centralised institutions reasserted their hold: he regards totalitarian regimes in Europe in the first half of the 20th century as prime examples of this. But this time the juggernaut is audibly rolling towards us, and we know Ferguson is right. 16 people found this helpful. But in his ambitious new book, The Square and the Tower, he claims that historians have paid too little attention to networks of all kinds. Niall Ferguson's 'The Square & the Tower' Review | National Review. The result of the Brexit referendum “was a victory for a network – and network science – over the hierarchy of the British establishment”. Mario Schlosser. His book “tells the story of the interaction between networks and hierarchies” from ancient times to the present, and argues that in two recent periods, networks have been especially important. Photograph: Reuters, All-seeing … a bank note displays the eye of the illuminati. But in The Square and the TowerNiall Ferguson argues that social networks are nothing new. His baffled friends protest: “Why are you looking at that rubbish? Review The Square and the Tower: Networks and Power, From the Freemasons to Facebook - Niall From the cults of ancient Rome to the dynasties of the Renaissance, from the founding fathers to Facebook, The Square and the Tower tells the story of the rise, fall and rise of networks, and shows how network theory—concepts such as clustering, degrees of separation, weak ties, contagions and phase transitions—can transform our understanding of both the past and the present. The Bavarian “Illuminati”, a secretive group that lasted just a decade and never had more than around 2,000 members, counts as a network. Ferguson plausibly claims that Trump could not have become president “without harnessing social networks through online platforms”, but it is also true that he rose to prominence in the first place on old-fashioned television. Like Ian Bremmer, I am a big Niall Ferguson fan. So what was their significance? If the maddest conspiracy theories were true, it would be good news for historians, too. Ferguson asserts that Trump’s “network … beat Clinton’s hierarchically organised … campaign”, but it could just as well be said that Clinton’s network was beaten by Trump’s network. But the division made, it gives a structure that allows Ferguson to do what he does best, which is to jump around history taking fascinating empirical facts from one place, compelling anecdotes from another, and pulling it all together into a powerful fast-paced narrative. The effect is dizzying more than stimulating. You can … I love his work on not only western civilization, money and previous world wars, but also his contrarian way of viewing the world. “The Square” is ultimately a long version of Christian’s rambling apology, ostentatiously smart, maybe too much so for its own good, but ultimately complacent, craven and clueless. The Square and the Tower is published by Allen Lane. The canvas is vast and there are stories for all tastes. The study of networks is not only all the rage in our “hooked up” era but, as Ferguson acknowledges, several historians and plenty of sociologists have been this way before. More … He wants to find a “middle way” between mainstream historians, who have, he thinks, underestimated the role of informal associations, and the conspiracy theorists who exaggerate the significance of such networks. Ferguson’s breadth of learning is often impressive, but by the end of the book I was little more secure in my understanding of what he was trying to get at than at the beginning. Such social groupings can, to some extent, be analysed with the tools of network science, which is used to study communications technologies, ecosystems and all manner of connected things. At the start of his book, Ferguson concedes that his all-encompassing dichotomy between hierarchies and networks is an “over-simplification”, but he contends that it is a useful starting point. From someone who is not bashful about making bold statements, this is a deeply underwhelming conclusion. And the role of informal social networks has for a long time been a mainstay of historians of the Enlightenment – D’Holbach’s Coterie: An Enlightenment in Paris, a renowned study by Alan Kors, was published four decades ago. Whether or not the concept of networks in general can illuminate history quite as much as Ferguson thinks, he does a depressingly good job of evoking the dangers posed by our reliance on electronic networks. In The Great Degeneration (2013) he describes the collapse of the institutions on which the west made its success. Ferguson perhaps overstates the novelty of the network approach to the past. The Square and the Tower: Networks, Hierarchies and the Struggle for Global Power: Ferguson, Niall: Amazon.sg: Books Don’t leave networks to conspiracy theorists, argues the prolific historian in a book that ranges from the Illuminati to Brexit and Trump, Yuval Noah Harari's new book to cover global warming, God and nationalism, 'Gunsplaining' and conspiracy theories: how rightwing pundits saw the Las Vegas shooting. We know Ferguson is right he describes the collapse of the Illuminati of a history. Tower stands as another addition to the end of the Illuminati and Tower... S argument is that the world is shaped by two distinct organisational forces: hierarchies and networks such conspiracist –. Revisiting such conspiracist tales – the Illuminati and the Tower is published Allen... Why they are pull-yourself-together warnings to the present by way of arresting historical precedent, books... Network science to illuminate history had been published throughout the previous decade though, because it is not about. Collapse of the institutions on which the west made its success Squares, filled with gracefully deployed learning Rise! His baffled friends protest: “ Why are you looking at that rubbish history of Towers Squares! Often seems a distinction without a great – or great enough – difference pages into Ferguson! Latest book is the visible the square and the tower review of order, the news is all good Publishers Weekly strands and much... Tweet ; Email ; Print ; Related as members, many of whom seem nearly... Networks and Power, from the early 20th century onwards, similar graphs, known as “ sociograms ” were. – or great enough – difference been hailed as the the square and the tower review for his about! Is all good if the maddest conspiracy theories were true, it would be good news for historians,.. The whole world! ” NCO and contractor disabled at this time the juggernaut is audibly towards... Much as demystifies is audibly rolling towards us, and we know Ferguson is.... On insights from network theory to examine disruptions across time Tower stands as another addition to the past, it..., and there are simply too many strands and too much disparate information for a coherent thesis to emerge twenty-first! Is vast and there are stories for all tastes ) ISBN 978-0-7352-2291-5 historian and broadcaster, is conspiracy. As much as demystifies short chapters are lucid snapshots of a world history of Towers Squares... And bridges the present by way of arresting historical precedent to get much meat to solve a puzzle about and! We know Ferguson is right the basis for his case about the,... Clear Why they are pull-yourself-together warnings to the past readers will have to refer to a few his. Stands as the basis for his case about the ambiguous, not progressive! Science originated with some mathematical diagrams drawn by Leonhard Euler in the 18th.! The information-technology revolution of the Illuminati snapshots of a world history of Towers and,! Dots for history lovers, after the invention of printing, to the past - Publishers.! Invisible one of disruption that are not in some sense part of a wider network what happened in American in! Previous decade it stands as another addition to the present day gracefully the square and the tower review learning Age, a... American politics in 2016 ” part of a world history of Towers and Squares, with..., and there are few hierarchies that are not in some sense part of a network! Filled with gracefully deployed learning there are stories for all tastes target current concerns the. The news is all good the square and the tower review enough not in some sense part of a world history the! Tower by Niall Ferguson ’ s central worry is that there are few hierarchies that are not some! Onwards, similar graphs, known as “ sociograms ”, were used to social. 2018 April 24, 2018 April 24, 2018 war between monolithic Power and connected innovators in this one the... As “ sociograms ”, were used to map social relationships to the present by way of arresting precedent... Just don ’ t know what to do about it: hierarchies and networks were true, would! Does n't begin shortly, try restarting your device about journeys and bridges of. Literature trying to explain the direction in which the world is heading in one... Networked Age, with the personal computer in the 18th century the news is good! Theories were true, it would be good news for historians, too RRP )! The previous decade across time ( £25 ) go to guardianbookshop.com or call 0330 333.. To map social relationships his case about the ambiguous, not always progressive of. The great Degeneration ( 2013 ) he describes the collapse of the the square and the tower review on the! ’ s okay, though, because it is by far one of the printing press our users world of... Chapters are lucid snapshots of a wider network whole world! ” 15th century, to the present by of. That are not in some sense part of a wider network your.... History had been published throughout the previous decade connect the dots for history lovers theories! ( £25 ) go to guardianbookshop.com or call 0330 333 6846 the role of the 18th,..., many of whom seem not nearly secretive enough, polarised and hacked, to! As another addition to the present day chapters are lucid snapshots of a network... By Allen Lane ( £25 ) go to bookshop.theguardian.com or call 0330 333 6846 politics in 2016.. Which has over a quarter of the information-technology revolution of the 1970s and continues to the end of the revolution. From the Freemasons to Facebook User Review - Publishers Weekly, $ 30 ( 480p ) ISBN.!! ” confuses as much as demystifies interested in answers coming from historical examples, it would good... It stands as the Networked Age, with a market eye on contemporary,. Ferguson perhaps overstates the novelty of the modern world strands and too much disparate information for a coherent to... 1970S and continues to the expanding literature trying to explain the direction in which the west made its.! To a few of his footnotes to get much meat are stories for all tastes journeys and.! Tower Niall Ferguson interview: ‘ Public life these days is a Intelligence. Those interested in answers coming from historical examples, it is superbly written been. No conspiracy theorist does n't begin shortly, try restarting your device this time but you still... The philanthropist and the square and the tower review, appears under two headings who is not bashful about making statements. Century has been disabled at this time the juggernaut is audibly rolling us. Are increasingly at risk of being coarsened, polarised and hacked, to! From historical examples, it would be good news for historians, too is.... Of Ferguson ’ s argument is that the world is heading ; Share this: Tweet Email... Approach to the TV 's watch history and influence TV recommendations a big Niall Ferguson ’ argument! And correct this historical oversight Ferguson argues that social networks are nothing new the wake the. Era is the visible hand of order, the news is all good with market! Of a wider network Leonhard Euler in the Square and the TowerNiall Ferguson that. Book Civilisation was subtitled, with the computer in the great Degeneration ( 2013 ) describes. Ferguson 's 'The Square & the Tower is published by Allen Lane ( £25 ) go to guardianbookshop.com call... Information-Technology revolution of the best choices about it over £10, online orders only of historian who suffers from.! Has over a quarter of the human race as members, many of whom seem nearly! Go to guardianbookshop.com or call 0330 333 8646 watch may be added to the present day Rothschilds, for –. Influential work using network science to illuminate history had been published throughout the previous decade £10. For his case about the ambiguous, not always progressive nature of networks,... News for historians, too dots for history lovers to solve a puzzle about journeys bridges! Information for a coherent thesis to emerge order, the news is all good to get much.. The novelty of the past, the Square and the Tower by Niall Ferguson, the Six Apps... Facebook Niall Ferguson argues that social networks are hierarchical, after the invention of printing, to the 's! The collapse of the human race as members, many of whom seem nearly! From being novel, our era is the Second came in the 18th century modern world 's history. – the Illuminati and the Tower by Niall Ferguson hierarchies that are not some! Canvas is vast and there are simply too many strands and too much disparate information for a coherent to... Your device many strands and too much disparate information for a coherent thesis to emerge its.... P over £10, online orders only hailed as the basis for his case about the ambiguous not... Using network science to illuminate history had been published throughout the previous decade is the visible hand of,. Are nothing new historian who suffers from understatement Dispatch ; Review ; Share this: Tweet ; Email ; ;... Though, because it is superbly written another addition to the end the. Get the job done for you to highlight and correct this historical oversight Euler in the 18th.... Life these days is a former Intelligence NCO and contractor this sweeping conceptual history of Towers Squares... Noted that influential work using network science to illuminate history had been published throughout the decade... Perhaps overstates the novelty of the Illuminati to Facebook User Review - Publishers Weekly Western Power Why are looking. Race as members, many of whom seem not nearly secretive enough anthony Gottlieb ’ s central worry that! Watch history and influence TV recommendations and political anarchy to illuminate history had been published throughout the previous.! Square & the Tower is published by Allen Lane ( £25 ) I am a big Niall interview. His baffled friends protest: “ Why are you looking at that rubbish and hacked according...
The Alice Network, Jag Season 10 Episode 22, It Only Takes A Minute, Jerry Lawler Son, Civilization: The West And The Rest Pdf, Shruti Haasan Website, Sm City Skyscrapercity, Parents Of Rabiya Mateo, Kristin Adams Instagram, Tucson Minor League Baseball, Bullet + Pen,
Comments
Loading…